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Massive European armies in battle from ancient Rome to the Napoleonic era

The Biggest Armies in European History: From Ro...

In 216 BC, on a dusty plain in southern Italy, Rome put roughly 86,000 men into a single line of battle. It was the largest army the Republic had ever...

The Biggest Armies in European History: From Ro...

In 216 BC, on a dusty plain in southern Italy, Rome put roughly 86,000 men into a single line of battle. It was the largest army the Republic had ever...

Mounted knights and crossbowmen clash in a High Middle Ages tabletop battle

Knights, Castles and Crusader Kings: Warfare in...

Around the year 1200, a traveller crossing Europe would have seen the same shape rising over almost every horizon. A stone keep on a mound, a lord's banner above the...

Knights, Castles and Crusader Kings: Warfare in...

Around the year 1200, a traveller crossing Europe would have seen the same shape rising over almost every horizon. A stone keep on a mound, a lord's banner above the...

Skirmish fighters face a massed medieval army on a tabletop battlefield

Skirmish or Mass Battle: Which Style of Wargame...

Picture two tables in the same club room on the same evening. On the first, a dozen figures creep between the buildings of a frontier town, and every single one...

Skirmish or Mass Battle: Which Style of Wargame...

Picture two tables in the same club room on the same evening. On the first, a dozen figures creep between the buildings of a frontier town, and every single one...

Napoleonic armies representing the coalition wars that tested Napoleon's strategy of decisive battle against attrition and allied resistance.

The Man Who Won Everything and Lost It All

For two centuries, historians have argued about the same question. Napoleon Bonaparte crowned himself Emperor in 1804 as the master of continental Europe. Eleven years later, on a ridge in...

The Man Who Won Everything and Lost It All

For two centuries, historians have argued about the same question. Napoleon Bonaparte crowned himself Emperor in 1804 as the master of continental Europe. Eleven years later, on a ridge in...

Pike and shot formations representing the military transformation that reshaped European armies during the gunpowder age.

Did Gunpowder Create the Modern Army Pike, Shot...

In 1525, outside the walls of Pavia, a Spanish army trapped inside a walled hunting park did something that should not have worked. Spanish arquebusiers, screened behind hedges and garden...

Did Gunpowder Create the Modern Army Pike, Shot...

In 1525, outside the walls of Pavia, a Spanish army trapped inside a walled hunting park did something that should not have worked. Spanish arquebusiers, screened behind hedges and garden...

Infantry formations representing the early stages of American warfare before the rise of massed rifle tactics.

From Musket Line to Massed Rifle: How Americans...

In the spring of 1861, the officers who would command the great armies of the American Civil War opened their war with the drill books of their grandfathers. They had...

From Musket Line to Massed Rifle: How Americans...

In the spring of 1861, the officers who would command the great armies of the American Civil War opened their war with the drill books of their grandfathers. They had...